When extra electric field is applied , it behaves just like a yield - stress fluid . the reports of research with erf appeared sporadically since it was firstly reported in 1940 ' s . but recently , with the development of materials science , the potential application region of erf becomes more and more wide 电流变液是一种新型智能材料，在外加电场作用下呈现出屈服应力流体特性，自20世纪40年代以来，电流变液的研究曾一度处于低谷，但随着材料科学的发展，电流变液的潜在应用领域越来越广阔，近20年来电流变液的研究受到越来越多的关注。
Developing the lithography process models to properly characterize critical dimension ( cd ) variations caused by proximity effects and distortions introduced by patterning tool , reticule , resist exposure , development and etching , they are beneficial to develop a yield - driven layout design tool , the engineers could use it to automate the tasks of advanced mask design , verification and inspection in deep sub - micron semiconductor manufacturing 建立准确描述由于掩模制造工艺、光刻胶曝光、显影、蚀刻所引起的光学邻近效应和畸变所导致的关键尺寸变化的光刻工艺模型，有助于开发由成品率驱动的版图设计工具，自动地实现深亚微米下半导体制造中先进的掩模设计、验证和检查等任务。
Accordingly a yield monitor system consists of several components . it must have sensors to calculate the amount of the crop it harvested , and a positioning system to determine the machine ' s location and the area harvested . the system must also include a data storage device for recording the position and yield data 因此，产量监控系统必须有以下几个基本元素：首先，必须有一个定位系统来确定机车所在的位置和所收割的区域；其次，还要有一个传感器来计量收割了多少谷物，这样就可以测得田间各个区域的产量；最后，还要有一个数据存储设备，来记录位置和产量数据。
